Interferon-alpha: a clinical update.

The use of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) for the treatment of cancer has continued to expand since the initiation of clinical trials in the early 1980s. Regulatory approval of IFN-alpha was first granted in 1986, and many investigational trials continue. Expanded approvals are anticipated during the next few years as the clinical benefits of IFN-alpha are further delineated. Many in the field of oncology care for patients who are receiving IFN-alpha therapy. Management of these patients offers a challenge; providing comprehensive care in diverse areas, particularly patient support and the management of side effects. Reassurance that many of the side effects associated with IFN-alpha therapy will diminish as treatment continues and that others can be managed assists patients in continuing therapy. Educating patients about the disease and treatment can reduce their anxieties and increase their level of comfort with therapy. Actions taken by the healthcare team toward side effect intervention, patient advocacy, social support and patient education and motivation can allow patients to stay the course of IFN-alpha therapy and achieve a therapeutic response.