BACKGROUND: Smoking has been associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal disease severity of adult heavy smokers and never-smokers referred for assessment and treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS: A random sample of patients with at least 20 teeth, stratified for smoking and age (5-year blocks, 35 to 55 years), was selected from an original referral population of 1,221 subjects with chronic adult periodontitis. Adequate records for 59 never-smokers and 44 subjects who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day were retrieved. The percentage of alveolar bone support was measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a Schei ruler at x3 magnification with the examiner unaware of the smoking status. Probing depths at six sites per tooth were obtained from the initial consultation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age between groups. Smokers had fewer teeth (p<0.001), fewer shallow pockets (p<0.001) and more deep probing depths (p<0.001). The differences were greater in subjects 45 years of age and over. In this age group, smokers had approximately 13% more bone loss, 15% more pockets in the 4-6 mm category and 7% more pockets in the >/= 7 mm category than the never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that smokers had evidence of more severe periodontal disease than never-smokers. The differences increased with age confirming an exposure-related response.
BACKGROUND: Smoking has been associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal disease severity of adult heavy smokers and never-smokers referred for assessment and treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS: A random sample of patients with at least 20 teeth, stratified for smoking and age (5-year blocks, 35 to 55 years), was selected from an original referral population of 1,221 subjects with chronic adult periodontitis. Adequate records for 59 never-smokers and 44 subjects who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day were retrieved. The percentage of alveolar bone support was measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a Schei ruler at x3 magnification with the examiner unaware of the smoking status. Probing depths at six sites per tooth were obtained from the initial consultation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age between groups. Smokers had fewer teeth (p<0.001), fewer shallow pockets (p<0.001) and more deep probing depths (p<0.001). The differences were greater in subjects 45 years of age and over. In this age group, smokers had approximately 13% more bone loss, 15% more pockets in the 4-6 mm category and 7% more pockets in the >/= 7 mm category than the never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that smokers had evidence of more severe periodontal disease than never-smokers. The differences increased with age confirming an exposure-related response.
Authors: Alessandra Nogueira Porto; Alex Semenoff Segundo; Tereza Aparecida Delle Vedove Semenoff; Fabio Miranda Pedro; Alvaro Henrique Borges; José Roberto Cortelli; Fernando de Oliveira Costa; Sheila Cavalca Cortelli Journal: Int J Dent Date: 2012-10-31
Authors: Ronaldo Lira-Júnior; Irlan de Almeida Freires; Isabelle Linsmacêdo de Oliveira; Ennyo Sobral Crispim da Silva; Severinocelestino da Silva; Roberto Lira de Brito Journal: J Indian Soc Periodontol Date: 2013-01
Authors: Fouad H Al-Bayaty; Noradinar Baharuddin; Mahmood A Abdulla; Hapipah Mohd Ali; Magaji B Arkilla; Mustafa F ALBayaty Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2013-10-29 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Marco Tatullo; Stefano Gentile; Francesco Paduano; Luigi Santacroce; Massimo Marrelli Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 1.817