Dispersion of TiN in aqueous media.

The dispersion of TiN powders in aqueous media was studied through XPS, zeta potential, adsorption, sedimentation, and rheology measurements. XPS showed that there are TiO2, TiN, and TiOxNy sites on the TiN particle surface. In the absence of dispersant, the isoelectric point (pH(IEP)) of the TiN particles was at pH 2.2. Based on the surface properties of TiN particles, a cationic polymer, polyethylene imine (PEI), was selected as a dispersant. In the presence of PEI, the pH(IEP) shifted from pH 2.2 to pH 11.10. It was evidenced that TiN slurries could be stabilized around pH 9.50 with 1-2 wt% PEI as dispersant. Subsequently, TiN slurries with solid content as high as 57 vol% were developed and exhibited dilatant rheological behavior at high shear rate. The results showed that PEI is an effective dispersant for TiN in aqueous media.