Disability management, return to work and treatment.

Individuals with severely disabling mental illness receive more benefit from supported employment initiatives than from other vocational services, but these initiatives show variable job tenure and low implementation by governments. For those with less severely disabling mental illnesses, such as depression, evidence-based treatment results in substantial restoration of job function, and restored work function occurs in synchrony with reduced symptomatology. However, there is a substantial degree of residual impairment despite receiving standard treatment. Major research trends include an increasing focus on occupational recovery in less severe forms of mental illness and potential application of integrated disability management models to occupational recovery from disabling mental disorders. Promising research directions include effectiveness of standard mental healthcare in restoring work function; effectiveness of actively managing co-morbid mental health problems for disabling physical disorders; population factors affecting return to work in those with disabling mental disorders; identification of policies fostering occupational recovery for disabling mental disorders; effectiveness of innovative mental healthcare focused on occupational recovery; and organizational interventions to foster occupational recovery in employees with disabling mental disorders.