OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child development. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal study recruited 154 pregnant cocaine users who were matched on race, parity, socioeconomic status, and perinatal risk to 154 noncocaine users. Drug use status was determined by maternal history and urine screening. At 3 years of age, the child subjects were assessed by an evaluator blinded to maternal drug use history. During a home visit at age 3, caregiver, family, and home assessments were administered. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed a direct effect of the amount of prenatal cocaine exposure on the adjusted birth head circumference which in turn directly affected preschool development. CONCLUSIONS: We could not demonstrate a direct effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on preschool development, a result that is consistent with that of earlier work and now extending findings to age 3. However, cocaine continued to exert an indirect effect on development through its direct effect on the head circumference at birth.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child development. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal study recruited 154 pregnant cocaine users who were matched on race, parity, socioeconomic status, and perinatal risk to 154 noncocaine users. Drug use status was determined by maternal history and urine screening. At 3 years of age, the child subjects were assessed by an evaluator blinded to maternal drug use history. During a home visit at age 3, caregiver, family, and home assessments were administered. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed a direct effect of the amount of prenatal cocaine exposure on the adjusted birth head circumference which in turn directly affected preschool development. CONCLUSIONS: We could not demonstrate a direct effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on preschool development, a result that is consistent with that of earlier work and now extending findings to age 3. However, cocaine continued to exert an indirect effect on development through its direct effect on the head circumference at birth.
Authors: Michael J Rivkin; Peter E Davis; Jennifer L Lemaster; Howard J Cabral; Simon K Warfield; Robert V Mulkern; Caroline D Robson; Ruth Rose-Jacobs; Deborah A Frank Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Ruth Rose-Jacobs; Shayna Soenksen; Danielle P Appugliese; Howard J Cabral; Mark A Richardson; Marjorie Beeghly; Timothy C Heeren; Deborah A Frank Journal: Neurotoxicol Teratol Date: 2011-03-01 Impact factor: 3.763
Authors: Henrietta S Bada; John Langer; Jean Twomey; Charlotte Bursi; Linda Lagasse; Charles R Bauer; Seetha Shankaran; Barry M Lester; Rosemary Higgins; Penelope L Maza Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 2.225
Authors: Tara M Chaplin; Kari Jeanne Visconti; Peter J Molfese; Elizabeth J Susman; Laura Cousino Klein; Rajita Sinha; Linda C Mayes Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2014-07-18