Trousseau syndrome and the unknown cancer: use of positron emission tomographic imaging in a patient with a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Trousseau syndrome is defined as a migratory thrombophlebitis found typically in patients with an underlying malignancy. Conventional diagnostic testing and imaging can be used to successfully diagnose a primary malignancy in approximately 85% to 95% of patients. However, along with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, numerous tests are frequently required, including blood tests, tumor markers, chest radiography, upper endoscopy, and computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. We present a case in which positron emission tomographic imaging was important for diagnosing the malignancy underlying Trousseau syndrome. Positron emission tomography may play an important role in the efficient evaluation of such cases.