On the nature and nurture of antisocial behavior and violence.

This article focuses on the contribution that behavioral genetic research can make to further the understanding of how antisocial and violent behavior develops. Genetically informative study designs are particularly useful for investigating etiological heterogeneity and can refine the search for developmental pathways to persistent antisocial conduct. While the current data are not yet directly translatable for prevention programs, behavioral genetic research will have far-reaching implications for prevention and treatment. As we find genes associated with risk for antisocial behavior and develop better understanding of the mechanics of the interplay between genes and the environment, we can expect to tailor prevention and treatment to serve the specific needs of etiologically distinct subgroups of children. Furthermore, researchers involved in sharpening the knowledge base have the responsibility of trying to ensure that such findings are not misused.