Online monitoring and characterization of flocculating yeast cell flocs during continuous ethanol fermentation.

Both intrinsic and observed kinetic investigations for those ethanol fermentations using self-flocculated yeast strains have been hindered by the lack of real online monitoring techniques and proper characterization methods for the flocs. An optical detecting technique, the focused beam reflectance measurement probe developed by Lasentec (Redmond, WA) was inserted into a fermentor to monitor the floc chord length distributions. Using a simulating system composed of the floc-buffer suspensions, the total floc chord length counts per second were directly correlated with the floc biomass concentrations so that the floc biomass concentrations can be in situ detected. Furthermore, a characterization method of the flocs was established by properly weighted treatments of the detected floc chord length distributions. When a real yeast floc ethanol fermentation system was detected during its intrinsic kinetic investigations in which the floc size needed to be controlled at a level of micrometer scale to eliminate inner mass transfer limitations, it was found and validated that CO(2) produced during fermentation exerted significant disturbances. By applying 1/length-weighted treatment, these disturbances were effectively overcome. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.