K J Looker1, G P Garnett. 1. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. k.looker@imperial.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore epidemiological evidence about the interaction of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and HSV-2 infections. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken of published epidemiological studies describing the pattern of HSV-1 or HSV-2 by age, and the coincidence of the two viral infections. RESULTS: In cross sectional studies the unadjusted odds of HSV-2 are greater in those with HSV-1 infection in study populations categorised as "low risk" (p = 0.06) and across European populations (p = 0.001). This was not evident in "high risk" populations or in the United States. This increased risk of HSV-2 in those with HSV-1 infection does not agree with the results of prospective studies where there is a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of HSV-2 infection associated with previous HSV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS: "Low risk" and European populations have a relatively low HSV-2 seroprevalence and infection is more concentrated in those with characteristics putting them at high risk for both HSV-1 and HSV-2. This confounding could mask any protective effect of HSV-1, which is hinted at, but not demonstrated, in prospective and adjusted studies.
OBJECTIVES: To explore epidemiological evidence about the interaction of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and HSV-2 infections. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken of published epidemiological studies describing the pattern of HSV-1 or HSV-2 by age, and the coincidence of the two viral infections. RESULTS: In cross sectional studies the unadjusted odds of HSV-2 are greater in those with HSV-1 infection in study populations categorised as "low risk" (p = 0.06) and across European populations (p = 0.001). This was not evident in "high risk" populations or in the United States. This increased risk of HSV-2 in those with HSV-1 infection does not agree with the results of prospective studies where there is a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of HSV-2 infection associated with previous HSV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS: "Low risk" and European populations have a relatively low HSV-2 seroprevalence and infection is more concentrated in those with characteristics putting them at high risk for both HSV-1 and HSV-2. This confounding could mask any protective effect of HSV-1, which is hinted at, but not demonstrated, in prospective and adjusted studies.
Authors: Fujie Xu; Julia A Schillinger; Maya R Sternberg; Robert E Johnson; Francis K Lee; Andre J Nahmias; Lauri E Markowitz Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2002-03-22 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Lawrence R Stanberry; Spotswood L Spruance; Anthony L Cunningham; David I Bernstein; Adrian Mindel; Stephen Sacks; Stephen Tyring; Fred Y Aoki; Moncef Slaoui; Martine Denis; Pierre Vandepapeliere; Gary Dubin Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2002-11-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Lisa-Gaye E Robinson; Francis L Black; Francis K Lee; Alexandra O Sousa; Marilyn Owens; Dan Danielsson; André J Nahmias; Benjamin D Gold Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2002-09-20 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: S Asgari; L Chamani-Tabriz; S Asadi; F Fatemi; H Zeraati; M M Akhondi; A Shahnazi Journal: Iran Red Crescent Med J Date: 2011-11-01 Impact factor: 0.611
Authors: Yo Hoshino; Lesley Pesnicak; Kennichi C Dowdell; Peter D Burbelo; David M Knipe; Stephen E Straus; Jeffrey I Cohen Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2009-10-01 Impact factor: 5.226