Modern anesthesia and peroperative monitoring methods reduce per- and postoperative mortality during transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.

Mortality and morbidity during and after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats are important confounding factors which may be minimized by improved anesthesia and peroperative monitoring techniques. We describe state of the art techniques for inducing anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, ventilation and monitoring peroperatively in this context. Introducing the subtemporal approach of Tamura et al. in our laboratory 5 years ago, we experienced 25% peroperative and 24 h postoperative rat mortality when performing temporary clipping of the middle cerebral artery. This prompted us to abandon intraperitoneal anesthesia by chloral hydrate and ventilation by tracheotomy in favor of endotracheal intubation and isoflurane anesthesia (1% isoflurane in 30%:70% O(2)/N(2)O). These anesthetic techniques in combination with improved surgical skills have reduced our initial 25% peroperative- and 24 h postoperative mortality to 2.7% (1.8% peroperatively and 0.9% 24 h postoperatively). Furthermore, the following 14 days postoperative mortality rate was 1.8%. A total number of 203 rats have been operated with this method in different studies where a focal reperfusion stroke model combined with extended periods of observations were the cornerstone.