RATIONALE: Clinical research has indicated that antidepressants are efficacious in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when repeatedly administered. However, few animal models of anxiety are sensitive to antidepressants, a finding that may be due to procedures limited to acute administrations. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present research was to further validate the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by examining its sensitivity to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg/kg), the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) maprotiline (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) under acute (no pretreatment) or repeated (3 or 6 days pretreatment) administration procedures. METHODS: Following any pretreatment, 8-day-old chicks received their respective vehicle or drug probe injection 15 min before tests in either a "mirror" (low stress) or "no mirror" (high stress) condition for a 180-s isolation period. The dependent measures were distress vocalizations to index separation stress and sleep onset latency to index sedation. RESULTS: The model was sensitive to acutely administered phenelzine (MAOI), imipramine (TCA), and maprotiline (NRI), but not citalopram (SSRI) and retained its sensitivity to these drug probes across both repeated administration procedures. None of the drug probes possessed any sedative properties. CONCLUSIONS: These results help extend the validity and utility of the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by demonstrating its sensitivity to antidepressants under both acute and repeated administration procedures.
RATIONALE: Clinical research has indicated that antidepressants are efficacious in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when repeatedly administered. However, few animal models of anxiety are sensitive to antidepressants, a finding that may be due to procedures limited to acute administrations. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present research was to further validate the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by examining its sensitivity to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg/kg), the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) maprotiline (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) under acute (no pretreatment) or repeated (3 or 6 days pretreatment) administration procedures. METHODS: Following any pretreatment, 8-day-old chicks received their respective vehicle or drug probe injection 15 min before tests in either a "mirror" (low stress) or "no mirror" (high stress) condition for a 180-s isolation period. The dependent measures were distress vocalizations to index separation stress and sleep onset latency to index sedation. RESULTS: The model was sensitive to acutely administered phenelzine (MAOI), imipramine (TCA), and maprotiline (NRI), but not citalopram (SSRI) and retained its sensitivity to these drug probes across both repeated administration procedures. None of the drug probes possessed any sedative properties. CONCLUSIONS: These results help extend the validity and utility of the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by demonstrating its sensitivity to antidepressants under both acute and repeated administration procedures.
Authors: K K Smith; H R Dharmaratne; M W Feltenstein; S L Broom; J T Roach; N P Nanayakkara; I A Khan; K J Sufka Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2001-04 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: C Reist; C D Kauffmann; R J Haier; C Sangdahl; E M DeMet; A Chicz-DeMet; J N Nelson Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 1989-04 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Anna J Kochanowska; Karumanchi V Rao; Suzanne Childress; Abir El-Alfy; Rae R Matsumoto; Michelle Kelly; Gina S Stewart; Kenneth J Sufka; Mark T Hamann Journal: J Nat Prod Date: 2008-01-25 Impact factor: 4.050