Hephaestin--a ferroxidase of cellular iron export.

Hephaestin is a transmembrane copper-dependent ferroxidase necessary for effective iron transport from intestinal enterocytes into the circulation. Hephaestin is mutated in sex-linked anemia (sla) mice. The initial uptake of iron from the diet in these animals is normal, but the basolateral export of iron from enterocytes is defective, resulting in iron deficiency and microcytic hypochromic anemia. In addition to the small intestine, hephaestin is expressed to a lesser extent in colon, spleen, placenta and kidney but its role in these tissues remains unknown. So far, hephaestin has not been linked to a human disease.