NFAT expression in human osteoclasts.

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic (NFATc) is a family of transcription factors originally identified in T-cells. The gene family is currently known to have four members (NFATc1 through NFATc4) which have roles both within and outside the immune system. We show that NFATc1 is the major induced NFAT in human osteoclasts, with expression greatly exceeding that of NFATc2 through NFATc4. In macrophage-like cells in culture, NFATc1 through NFATc4 are expressed at similar low levels. NFATc1 is comprised of five mRNA transcript variants known to encode three different protein isoforms. The mRNA encoding isoform C (mRNA variant 3) was the most expressed with 38 copies per nanogram followed by isoform B (mRNA variant 5) with 17 copies per nanogram of total RNA. Isoform A (mRNA variant 1) and mRNA variants 2 and 4 made up less than 1% of the total NFATc1 expressed. NFATc1 is activated by calcineurin after calcium-calmodulin signalling. The induction of NFATc1 in osteoclasts was not altered in the presence of cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin, suggesting that NFATc1 does not participate in autoregulatory activation of its own promoter. The NFATc1 variants expressed by human osteoclasts are not those normally expressed by effector T-cells but are similar to those seen in naïve T-cells. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc