The rationale for combined chemo/immunotherapy using a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist and tumour-derived exosomes in advanced ovarian cancer.

A clinical trial employing an immunotherapeutic approach based on the use of a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist and tumour-derived exosomes carrying tumour-associated antigens is planned in advanced ovarian cancer in conjunction with conventional first line chemotherapy. Most patients with ovarian cancer present with advanced disease and despite high initial response rate to chemotherapy the majority will relapse within 2 years with poor overall survival. Tumour antigen-specific T cells are naturally occurring in ovarian cancer patients and T cell infiltration of the tumour is highly prognostic. Novel immunotherapy to expand and activate tumour antigen-specific T cells combined with adjuvant treatment to overcome tumour-induced immunosuppression is considered to be therapeutically beneficial. The rationale for adopting such a combined approach is discussed here.