Paranasal sinus mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host: efficacy and safety of combination therapy with Liposomal Amphotericin B and adjuvant rHuGM-CSF.

Invasive mucormycosis is a well-documented disease in the immunocompromised patient, but in recent years it has been reported increasingly in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of maxillary paranasal sinus mucormycosis in an immunologically competent host that was successfully treated with surgery and combined liposomal amphotericin B and rHuGM-CSF. We discuss the emerging incidence of invasive zygomycosis in immunocompetent patients and the potential clinical application of immunotherapy as adjunctive therapy for invasive mucormycosis in association with liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement.