Melatonin regulates circadian electroretinogram rhythms in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.

The circadian rhythm of the chick electroretinogram (ERG) is regulated by the indoleamine hormone melatonin. To determine if the concentration of melatonin or the time at which it was administered would have differential effects on ERG parameters, we conducted experiments analyzing the effects of melatonin at different times of the day. Circadian rhythms of a- and b-wave implicit times and amplitudes were observed in both light:dark (LD) and in continuous darkness (DD). Intramuscular melatonin administration of 1 mg/kg and 100 ng/kg decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes and increased a- and b-wave implicit times. This effect was significantly greater than that observed for 1 ng/kg melatonin, which had little to no effect over the saline controls. The effect of 1 mg/kg and 100 ng/kg melatonin on a- and b-wave amplitude in LD and on b-wave amplitude in DD was greater during the night (ZT/CT 17) than during the day (ZT/CT 5). The fold change in b-wave implicit time over that of controls was greater during the day (ZT/CT 5) than during the night (ZT/CT 17). These data indicate that melatonin may play a role in regulating a day and night functional shift in the retina, and that it does so via regulation of a retinal clock.