BACKGROUND: Up to 70% of young Nigerian children have been reported to have blood lead concentrations > or =10 microg/dl. AIMS: To better elucidate risk factors for lead toxicity among Nigerian families with children at risk for lead toxicity. METHODS: Two geographic wards in Jos, Nigeria were selected for study, one previously reported to have a high mean blood lead level (37 (SD 13) microg/dl) and one with a lower mean blood lead level (17 (SD 10) microg/dl) in young children. Data pertaining to potential risk factors for lead exposure were collected from children and adults in 34 households. RESULTS: The mean (SD) blood lead concentration of 275 subjects, aged 3 weeks to 90 years, was 8.7 (5.7) microg/dl (range 1-34 microg/dl); 92 (34%) had concentrations > or =10 microg/dl. In multivariate analysis, an age of 5 years and under, flaking house paint, residence near a gasoline seller, male gender, increasing maternal and paternal education, and use of a lead ore eye cosmetic were independently associated with greater blood lead concentration. Vehicle ownership was associated with reduced lead concentration. Compared with the low-lead ward, residence in the high-lead ward remained significantly associated with greater lead values, indicating that additional factors likely contribute to lead exposure. CONCLUSION: Although the cause of increased lead levels in Jos appears to be multi-factorial, several remediable sources contribute to lead exposure in Nigeria.
BACKGROUND: Up to 70% of young Nigerian children have been reported to have blood lead concentrations > or =10 microg/dl. AIMS: To better elucidate risk factors for lead toxicity among Nigerian families with children at risk for lead toxicity. METHODS: Two geographic wards in Jos, Nigeria were selected for study, one previously reported to have a high mean blood lead level (37 (SD 13) microg/dl) and one with a lower mean blood lead level (17 (SD 10) microg/dl) in young children. Data pertaining to potential risk factors for lead exposure were collected from children and adults in 34 households. RESULTS: The mean (SD) blood lead concentration of 275 subjects, aged 3 weeks to 90 years, was 8.7 (5.7) microg/dl (range 1-34 microg/dl); 92 (34%) had concentrations > or =10 microg/dl. In multivariate analysis, an age of 5 years and under, flaking house paint, residence near a gasoline seller, male gender, increasing maternal and paternal education, and use of a lead ore eye cosmetic were independently associated with greater blood lead concentration. Vehicle ownership was associated with reduced lead concentration. Compared with the low-lead ward, residence in the high-lead ward remained significantly associated with greater lead values, indicating that additional factors likely contribute to lead exposure. CONCLUSION: Although the cause of increased lead levels in Jos appears to be multi-factorial, several remediable sources contribute to lead exposure in Nigeria.
Authors: Richard L Canfield; Charles R Henderson; Deborah A Cory-Slechta; Christopher Cox; Todd A Jusko; Bruce P Lanphear Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2003-04-17 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Sherry G Selevan; Deborah C Rice; Karen A Hogan; Susan Y Euling; Andrea Pfahles-Hutchens; James Bethel Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2003-04-17 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Iheoma M Adekunle; Joseph A Ogundele; Olusegun Oguntoke; Oluseyi A Akinloye Journal: Environ Monit Assess Date: 2009-11-14 Impact factor: 2.513
Authors: Violeta Moya-Alvarez; Michael Osei Mireku; Pierre Ayotte; Michel Cot; Florence Bodeau-Livinec Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-02-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: John A Kaufman; Mary Jean Brown; Nasir T Umar-Tsafe; Muhammad Bashir Adbullahi; Kabiru I Getso; Ibrahim M Kaita; Binta Bako Sule; Ahmed Ba'aba; Lora Davis; Patrick M Nguku; Nasir Sani-Gwarzo Journal: J Health Pollut Date: 2016-09