1H NMR analysis as a diagnostic probe for human saliva.

The applications of high resolution (1)H NMR analysis as a diagnostic probe for human saliva are reviewed with special reference to diabetes mellitus, and a recently published report regarding the ability of this technique to detect advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in this biofluid [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 323 (2004) 377-381]. We also demonstrate that hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-))-induced modifications to the (1)H NMR profiles of human salivary supernatants arise from the chlorination and, where appropriate, oxidation of amino acids and malodorous amines, together with the oxidation of carbohydrates and alpha-keto acid anions. The attack of HOCl/OCl(-) on carbohydrates yields formate (singlet, delta = 8.46 ppm), the (1)H NMR signal of which was erroneously assigned to AGE species by the authors of [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 323 (2004) 377-381].