Intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement of submacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal artery macroaneurysm.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of treating submacular hemorrhages secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm with intravitreous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and gas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six consecutive patients (6 eyes) with submacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm were included in this study. Tissue plasminogen activator, at a dose of 50 microg/0.1 mL, was injected through the pars plana into the vitreous cavity. Gas (0.3-0.5 mL of perfluoropropane) instillation followed tPA injection, either immediately after injection or sometime during the next day.
RESULTS: Best postoperative visual acuity improved in 5 of 6 eyes (83%) and was unchanged in 1 of 6 (17%) eyes. In 5 of 6 (83%) eyes, the procedure resulted in complete or partial displacement of submacular hemorrhage out of the foveal area.
CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreous injection of tPA and gas, followed by prone positioning of the patient, is an effective and simple treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysm. No complication occurred in this series.