Biochemical changes as enzymatic defense system of phenanthrene exposure in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

The objective of this study was to investigate early biological response in olive flounder exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of waterborne phenanthrene (0.5, 1 or 2 microM). The fish were exposed for 4 weeks and we analyzed their enzymatic defense system, antioxidant and phase II enzyme activities, to evaluate the chronic exposure toxicity of phenanthrene. Waterborne phenanthrene affected antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-mediated detoxification as enzyme defense system. Hepatic, gill and kidney glutathione reductase as well as glutathione S-transferase, and catalase activities were markedly elevated after two or four weeks of exposure. These enzymes activities of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus seem to be a convenient tool for monitoring pollution in coastal areas against PAHs pollution including phenanthrene.