Ventriculoatrial shunt infection caused by Staphylococcus warneri: case report and review.

Staphylococcus warneri, a coagulase-negative species, is a rare cause of infection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts. In one recently studied case of ventriculoatrial shunt infection, the repeated isolation of S. warneri (i.e., from all of six blood cultures and from a CSF sample obtained directly from the valve of the shunt) suggested that this organism can be clinically significant. Review of the literature clearly indicates that S. warneri is a rare but potentially dangerous pathogen in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts with prosthetic devices. The removal of the infected shunt in association with systemic and local antibiotic administration probably constitutes the treatment of choice in such infections. Further experience is needed to determine the prevalence and the pathogenic significance of S. warneri and of the related organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in patients with prosthetic devices.