BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies have examined depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease with conflicting results. Most studies relied on self-reported depression, but the agreement between self-reported depression and clinical diagnosis has been reported to be weak, thereby diluting the association. METHODS: A population-based cohort in Odense, Denmark, of 3346 persons age 65-84 years was examined at baseline (1992-1994) and after 2 years (1994-1996) and 5 years (1997-1999). History of depression was collected at baseline as self-report. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Persons with a history of depression had an increased risk of Alzheimer disease both at baseline (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.0-2.7) and at follow up (at 2 years, 1.9 [1.0-3.3] and at 5 years, 1.6 [0.9-2.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Depression was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease. The odds ratios were lower than generally reported from follow-up studies and are similar to cross-sectional studies.
BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies have examined depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease with conflicting results. Most studies relied on self-reported depression, but the agreement between self-reported depression and clinical diagnosis has been reported to be weak, thereby diluting the association. METHODS: A population-based cohort in Odense, Denmark, of 3346 persons age 65-84 years was examined at baseline (1992-1994) and after 2 years (1994-1996) and 5 years (1997-1999). History of depression was collected at baseline as self-report. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:Persons with a history of depression had an increased risk of Alzheimer disease both at baseline (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.0-2.7) and at follow up (at 2 years, 1.9 [1.0-3.3] and at 5 years, 1.6 [0.9-2.7]). CONCLUSIONS:Depression was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease. The odds ratios were lower than generally reported from follow-up studies and are similar to cross-sectional studies.
Authors: N Amin; O Jovanova; H H H Adams; A Dehghan; M Kavousi; M W Vernooij; R P Peeters; F M S de Vrij; S J van der Lee; J G J van Rooij; E M van Leeuwen; L Chaker; A Demirkan; A Hofman; R W W Brouwer; R Kraaij; K Willems van Dijk; T Hankemeier; W F J van Ijcken; A G Uitterlinden; W J Niessen; O H Franco; S A Kushner; M A Ikram; H Tiemeier; C M van Duijn Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2016-07-19 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Sid E O'Bryant; Stephen C Waring; C Munro Cullum; James Hall; Laura Lacritz; Paul J Massman; Philip J Lupo; Joan S Reisch; Rachelle Doody Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2008-08
Authors: Ali Ezzati; Mindy J Katz; Carol A Derby; Molly E Zimmerman; Richard B Lipton Journal: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol Date: 2019-01-10 Impact factor: 2.680
Authors: M Colaianna; P Tucci; M Zotti; M G Morgese; S Schiavone; S Govoni; V Cuomo; L Trabace Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2010-03-09 Impact factor: 8.739