Management of severe malaria: interventions and controversies.

This article emphasizes that for many controversial reasons, severe malaria in travelers differs from that seen in endemic areas. There is no controversy, however, that malaria in individuals living in endemic areas should retain research priority. Some of the questions raised might never be amenable to randomized controlled trials, either because of ethical or logistical restraints. A possibly indulgent wish list of outcome (mortality) studies using currently known treatment modalities, however, includes the loading dose of quinine, vigorous fluid replacement, ET, the artemisinins, mannitol, and N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of severe malaria. There may clearly be many more. The treatment of severe malaria remains a challenge to those with an interest in managing life-threatening disease with complex and fascinating pathophysiology. As challenging as the studies listed previously may seem, however, priority must inevitably be given to research on how one can prevent and treat mild disease in the first place.