[Cognitive abilities in older seniors: a longitudinal study].

Longitudinal studies of older seniors (over 80 years) are rare in the literature. This research was designed to study cognitive abilities in the oldest old at two different moments with a three-year interval. The research was quantitative, with a longitudinal and prospective design. The sample consisted of 66 individuals from 80 to 95 years of age, randomly selected for phase I, with 46 of these individuals tested again three years later, in phase II. The instruments used were: Geriatric Depression Scale, Subjective Perception of Memory Problems, Mini-Mental State Examination, Digit Span, Buschke Test of Free and Cued Recall, and the Verbal Fluency Test--Animal Category. The results indicated that there was a small downward trend in the older seniors' performance at the end of the three-year period. More leisure activities and more years of formal schooling were good predictors of smaller decline in cognitive performance during the three-year period. Despite their age, older seniors in this study showed only a slight decline in their cognitive abilities, with little impact on their cognitive patterns.