Cumulative effect of predisposing genotypes and their interaction with modifiable factors on the risk of ischemic stroke in young adults.

BACKGROUND AND
PURPOSE: Combinations of multiple predisposing polymorphisms and their interactions with modifiable factors may result in synergistic effects on the risk of ischemic stroke. These mechanisms are more likely to play a relevant role in younger individuals.
METHODS: The cumulative effect of the 20210A variant of prothrombin gene, the 1691A variant of factor V gene, the TT677 genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and the epsilon4-carriership of the apolipoprotein (APOE) gene, as well as their interactions with modifiable predisposing factors, were determined in a series of 163 stroke patients aged younger than 45 years and 158 controls.
RESULTS: Odds ratios (ORs) for stroke were 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.51) in subjects with 1 polymorphism and 3.00 (95% CI, 1.43 to 6.30) in those with > or =2. Compared with nonsmokers with none of the studied polymorphisms, ORs for stroke were 1.88 (95% CI, 1.18 to 3.00) and 3.55 (95% CI, 1.40 to 8.98) for nonsmokers with 1 and 2 polymorphisms, respectively, and 3.99 (95% CI, 2.00 to 7.96) and 15.99 (95% CI, 4.01 to 63.3) for smokers. Compared with nonhypertensive subjects bearing no polymorphisms, ORs were 1.91 (95% CI, 1.28 to 2.87) and 3.68 (95% CI, 1.64 to 8.26) for nonhypertensive subjects with 1 and 2 polymorphisms, 3.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 10.7) and 10.79 (95% CI, 1.01 to 115.4) for hypertensive.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a gene-dose effect of the examined prothrombotic and proatherogenic gene variants and a synergistic effect of these polymorphisms and modifiable risk factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia in young adults.