Differential gene expression of insulin receptor isoforms A and B and insulin receptor substrates 1, 2 and 3 in rat tissues: modulation by aging and differentiation in rat adipose tissue.

The insulin receptor (IR) occurs as two alternatively spliced isoforms, IR-A (exon 11-) and IR-B (exon 11+), which exhibit functional differences and are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The IR substrate (IRS) proteins 1, 2 and 3 also differ in function and tissue distribution. Here we show the differential gene expression of IRs and IRSs in several rat target tissues of insulin action. IR-B is significantly higher than IR-A in epididymal white adipose tissue and adipogenesis induces a shift in the alternatively spliced species of IR from the A to the B isoform. Moreover, since aging in the rat is associated with the development of insulin resistance we looked for alterations of expression of these proteins in adipocytes from old rats. Our results reveal that there is a specific decrease in the expression of the IR-B isoform, as well as both mRNA and protein levels of IR, IRS-1 and IRS-3 being significantly decreased, in epididymal adipose tissue from old compared with adult rats. It is concluded that the down-regulation of early components of the insulin transduction pathway in a primary insulin target tissue could be related to the insulin resistance of aging.