Outcomes following liver transplantation for seronegative acute liver failure: experience during a 12-year period with more than 100 patients.

Seronegative hepatitis is a common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) requiring liver transplantation. The primary aim of this study was to examine outcomes following transplantation in this group and to identify factors associated with early (<2 months) mortality. Patients studied were 110 consecutive cases of seronegative ALF transplanted at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between January 1992 and January 2004. Univariate analysis of 44 pretransplantation recipient, donor, and operative variables was performed initially to identify factors associated with early posttransplantation mortality. Variables identified as significant or approaching significance were analyzed using stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. Survival following transplantation for seronegative hepatitis was 83%, 81%, and 73% at 2, 12, and 60 months, respectively. The majority (71%) of deaths occurred within the 1st 2 months and sepsis / multiorgan dysfunction was the most common cause of early death. Univariate analysis revealed 9 variables predicting early death. Subsequent multivariate analysis identified high donor body mass index (BMI; a possible surrogate marker for hepatic steatosis) as the most important predictor of early death (P = .009; odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3). Recipient age >50 (P = .015; odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-14.1) and non-Caucasian recipient ethnicity (P = .015; odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-19.2) were other variables associated with early death on multivariate analysis. This study specifically examined factors that determine the early outcome of transplanted seronegative ALF patients. In conclusion, we found that donor and recipient factors identify patients who have a high chance of early death after transplantation.