BACKGROUND: The effect that GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection has on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression is controversial and therefore was studied in 326 homosexual men from the prospective Amsterdam Cohort Studies who had an accurately estimated date of HIV-1 seroconversion and were followed up for a median period of 8 years. METHODS: A first plasma sample, obtained shortly after HIV-1 seroconversion, and a last plasma sample, obtained before 1996, were tested for GBV-C RNA and envelope protein-2 antibodies. The effect that GBV-C has on HIV-1 disease progression was studied by use of time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for baseline variables and time-updated HIV-1 RNA and CD4(+) cell count. RESULTS: Men who lost GBV-C RNA between collection of the first sample and collection of the last sample had a nearly 3-fold-higher risk of HIV-1 disease progression than did men who had never had GBV-C RNA. This effect became much smaller after adjustment for time-updated CD4(+) cell count. CONCLUSION: Rather than a positive effect of GBV-C RNA presence, a negative effect of GBV-C RNA loss on HIV-1 disease progression was found, which disappeared after adjustment for time-updated CD4(+) cell count. We therefore hypothesize that GBV-C RNA persistence depends on the presence of a sufficient number of CD4(+) cells--and that the CD4(+) cell decrease associated with HIV-1 disease progression is a cause, not a consequence, of GBV-C RNA loss.
BACKGROUND: The effect that GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection has on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression is controversial and therefore was studied in 326 homosexual men from the prospective Amsterdam Cohort Studies who had an accurately estimated date of HIV-1 seroconversion and were followed up for a median period of 8 years. METHODS: A first plasma sample, obtained shortly after HIV-1 seroconversion, and a last plasma sample, obtained before 1996, were tested for GBV-C RNA and envelope protein-2 antibodies. The effect that GBV-C has on HIV-1 disease progression was studied by use of time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for baseline variables and time-updated HIV-1 RNA and CD4(+) cell count. RESULTS:Men who lost GBV-C RNA between collection of the first sample and collection of the last sample had a nearly 3-fold-higher risk of HIV-1 disease progression than did men who had never had GBV-C RNA. This effect became much smaller after adjustment for time-updated CD4(+) cell count. CONCLUSION: Rather than a positive effect of GBV-C RNA presence, a negative effect of GBV-C RNA loss on HIV-1 disease progression was found, which disappeared after adjustment for time-updated CD4(+) cell count. We therefore hypothesize that GBV-C RNA persistence depends on the presence of a sufficient number of CD4(+) cells--and that the CD4(+) cell decrease associated with HIV-1 disease progression is a cause, not a consequence, of GBV-C RNA loss.
Authors: Jinhua Xiang; James H McLinden; Thomas M Kaufman; Emma L Mohr; Nirjal Bhattarai; Qing Chang; Jack T Stapleton Journal: Virology Date: 2012-05-16 Impact factor: 3.616
Authors: Jason T Blackard; Gang Ma; Jeffrey A Welge; Lynn E Taylor; Kenneth H Mayer; Robert S Klein; David D Celentano; Jack D Sobel; Denise J Jamieson; Caroline C King Journal: J Med Virol Date: 2017-08-28 Impact factor: 2.327
Authors: Emma L Mohr; Jinhua Xiang; James H McLinden; Thomas M Kaufman; Qing Chang; David C Montefiori; Donna Klinzman; Jack T Stapleton Journal: J Immunol Date: 2010-09-08 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Farnaz Vahidnia; Maya Petersen; Jack T Stapleton; George W Rutherford; Michael Busch; Brian Custer Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2012-07-02 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Jinhua Xiang; James H McLinden; Robert A Rydze; Qing Chang; Thomas M Kaufman; Donna Klinzman; Jack T Stapleton Journal: J Immunol Date: 2009-12-15 Impact factor: 5.422