Linda Chang1, Thomas Ernst, Oliver Speck, Charles S Grob. 1. Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1356 Lusitana St., 7th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. LChang@hawaii.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) showed decreased neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate and increased glial marker myo-inositol in subjects with chronic methamphetamine use and in subjects infected with HIV. The authors sought to determine whether HIV and a history of chronic methamphetamine use might have additive or interactive effects on brain metabolite abnormalities. METHOD: 1H-MRS was performed in 68 HIV-positive subjects (24 with a history of chronic methamphetamine use with a lifetime exposure of a mean of 2,167 g [SD=2,788] and last use a mean of 4.9 months earlier [SD=6.0]; 44 with no history of drug abuse) and 75 HIV-negative subjects (36 with a history of chronic methamphetamine use with a lifetime exposure of a mean of 8,241 g [SD=16,850] and last use a mean of 6.3 months earlier [SD=7.8]; 39 with no history of drug abuse). Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo-inositol were measured in the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and basal ganglia. RESULTS: HIV-negative subjects with a history of chronic methamphetamine use showed lower concentrations of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in the frontal white matter and basal ganglia and higher concentrations of choline compounds and the glial marker myo-inositol in the frontal cortex, relative to subjects with no history of drug abuse. HIV-positive status was associated with lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate and creatine in the frontal cortex and higher concentrations of myo-inositol in the white matter, compared with HIV-negative status. Compared to the mean concentrations of metabolites in HIV-negative subjects with no history of drug abuse, the mean concentrations in subjects with HIV and chronic methamphetamine use showed additive effects on N-acetylaspartate in all three regions (-9% in the basal ganglia, -7% in the frontal white matter, and -6% in the frontal gray matter), on creatine in the basal ganglia (-7%), and on myo-inositol in the frontal white matter (+11%). CONCLUSIONS: The combined effects of HIV and chronic methamphetamine use were consistent with an additive model, suggesting additional neuronal injury and glial activation due to the comorbid conditions.
OBJECTIVE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) showed decreased neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate and increased glial marker myo-inositol in subjects with chronic methamphetamine use and in subjects infected with HIV. The authors sought to determine whether HIV and a history of chronic methamphetamine use might have additive or interactive effects on brain metabolite abnormalities. METHOD:1H-MRS was performed in 68 HIV-positive subjects (24 with a history of chronic methamphetamine use with a lifetime exposure of a mean of 2,167 g [SD=2,788] and last use a mean of 4.9 months earlier [SD=6.0]; 44 with no history of drug abuse) and 75 HIV-negative subjects (36 with a history of chronic methamphetamine use with a lifetime exposure of a mean of 8,241 g [SD=16,850] and last use a mean of 6.3 months earlier [SD=7.8]; 39 with no history of drug abuse). Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo-inositol were measured in the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and basal ganglia. RESULTS: HIV-negative subjects with a history of chronic methamphetamine use showed lower concentrations of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in the frontal white matter and basal ganglia and higher concentrations of choline compounds and the glial marker myo-inositol in the frontal cortex, relative to subjects with no history of drug abuse. HIV-positive status was associated with lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate and creatine in the frontal cortex and higher concentrations of myo-inositol in the white matter, compared with HIV-negative status. Compared to the mean concentrations of metabolites in HIV-negative subjects with no history of drug abuse, the mean concentrations in subjects with HIV and chronic methamphetamine use showed additive effects on N-acetylaspartate in all three regions (-9% in the basal ganglia, -7% in the frontal white matter, and -6% in the frontal gray matter), on creatine in the basal ganglia (-7%), and on myo-inositol in the frontal white matter (+11%). CONCLUSIONS: The combined effects of HIV and chronic methamphetamine use were consistent with an additive model, suggesting additional neuronal injury and glial activation due to the comorbid conditions.
Authors: S Czub; E Koutsilieri; S Sopper; M Czub; C Stahl-Hennig; J G Müller; V Pedersen; W Gsell; J L Heeney; M Gerlach; G Gosztonyi; P Riederer; V ter Meulen Journal: Acta Neuropathol Date: 2001-02 Impact factor: 17.088
Authors: N D Volkow; L Chang; G J Wang; J S Fowler; D Franceschi; M Sedler; S J Gatley; E Miller; R Hitzemann; Y S Ding; J Logan Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2001-12-01 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: C C Cloak; L Chang; T Ernst; M C Barr; S Huitron-Resendiz; M Sanchez-Alavez; T R Phillips; S Henriksen Journal: J Neuroimmunol Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 3.478
Authors: Erin E Morgan; Erica Weber; Alexandra S Rooney; Igor Grant; Steven Paul Woods Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2012-02-02 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Landhing M Moran; Michael Y Aksenov; Rosemarie M Booze; Katy M Webb; Charles F Mactutus Journal: Curr HIV Res Date: 2012-07 Impact factor: 1.581
Authors: Alasdair M Barr; William J Panenka; G William MacEwan; Allen E Thornton; Donna J Lang; William G Honer; Tania Lecomte Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 2006-09 Impact factor: 6.186
Authors: M J Reinhard; C H Hinkin; T R Barclay; A J Levine; S Marion; S A Castellon; D Longshore; T Newton; R S Durvasula; M N Lam; H Myers Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2007-04-14 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Brook L Henry; Mark A Geyer; Mahalah R Buell; William Perry; Jared W Young; Arpi Minassian Journal: Behav Pharmacol Date: 2014-02 Impact factor: 2.293