BACKGROUND: Nonspecific inflammatory events following brain death may increase the intensity of the immunological host response. The present study investigated the course of pro-inflammatory molecules in heart, lung, kidney, and plasma after brain death induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain death was induced in five pigs by inflation of an intracranial Foley catheter and five pigs were sham-operated as controls. Each experiment was terminated 6 h after brain death/sham operation and the organs were harvested. We measured the mRNA and protein levels for TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in heart, lung, kidney, and plasma. Additionally, the mRNA expression for IL-6R, ICAM-1, MCP-1, and TGF-beta was determined in each organ. RESULTS: After 6 h, the plasma cytokine levels were higher in the brain-dead animals than in the sham-operated. In heart, lung, and kidney there was an increase in IL-6 and IL-1beta following brain death, while TNF-alpha was up-regulated in lung only (P < 0.05). MCP-1 and TGF-beta were significantly higher in heart and lung and IL-6R increased in heart after brain death (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Brain death was associated with non-uniform cytokine expression patterns in the investigated organs. These expression patterns may cause variable pro-inflammatory priming resulting in different degrees of damage and explain the organ-specific variation in outcomes after transplantations.
BACKGROUND: Nonspecific inflammatory events following brain death may increase the intensity of the immunological host response. The present study investigated the course of pro-inflammatory molecules in heart, lung, kidney, and plasma after brain death induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Brain death was induced in five pigs by inflation of an intracranial Foley catheter and five pigs were sham-operated as controls. Each experiment was terminated 6 h after brain death/sham operation and the organs were harvested. We measured the mRNA and protein levels for TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in heart, lung, kidney, and plasma. Additionally, the mRNA expression for IL-6R, ICAM-1, MCP-1, and TGF-beta was determined in each organ. RESULTS: After 6 h, the plasma cytokine levels were higher in the brain-dead animals than in the sham-operated. In heart, lung, and kidney there was an increase in IL-6 and IL-1beta following brain death, while TNF-alpha was up-regulated in lung only (P < 0.05). MCP-1 and TGF-beta were significantly higher in heart and lung and IL-6R increased in heart after brain death (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Brain death was associated with non-uniform cytokine expression patterns in the investigated organs. These expression patterns may cause variable pro-inflammatory priming resulting in different degrees of damage and explain the organ-specific variation in outcomes after transplantations.
Authors: Antonia Koutsoukou; Maria Katsiari; Stylianos E Orfanos; Anastasia Kotanidou; Maria Daganou; Magdalini Kyriakopoulou; Nikolaos G Koulouris; Nikoletta Rovina Journal: World J Crit Care Med Date: 2016-02-04
Authors: Juan S Danobeitia; Matthew S Hanson; Peter Chlebeck; Elisa Park; Jamie M Sperger; Alice Schwarznau; Luis A Fernandez Journal: Cell Transplant Date: 2014-04-22 Impact factor: 4.064
Authors: Juan S Danobeitia; Tiffany J Zens; Peter J Chlebeck; Laura J Zitur; Jose A Reyes; Michael J Eerhart; Jennifer Coonen; Saverio Capuano; Anthony M D'Alessandro; Jose R Torrealba; Daniel Burguete; Kevin Brunner; Edwin Van Amersfoort; Yolanda Ponstein; Cees Van Kooten; Ewa Jankowska-Gan; William Burlingham; Jeremy Sullivan; Arjang Djamali; Myron Pozniak; Yucel Yankol; Luis A Fernandez Journal: Am J Transplant Date: 2020-02-20 Impact factor: 8.086