Chromosomal deletions and K-ras gene mutations in human endometrial carcinomas.

Forty-two endometrial carcinomas of various stages of progression were analyzed to search for loss of chromosomal regions and for point mutations of ras genes and amplification of Int-2 gene. This approach is particularly favorable for observation of genetic events and their significance in the process of neoplastic conversion by considering the clinico-pathological characteristics of each tumor. At least 3 genetic events, including 18q, 17p deletions, and point mutations at codon 12 of the K-ras gene, are implicated in the development of endometrial carcinomas. Likely targets for allelic losses on chromosomes 18q and 17p are the DCC gene and the p53 gene sequences, respectively. Overall numbers of allelic losses in individual tumors appeared to increase in case of advanced stage tumors, thereby indicating the association of allelic loss accumulation with tumor progression. The genetic features seen in 2 juvenile-type adenocarcinomas and 2 clear-cell carcinomas suggested the possibility that etiological factors providing selective pressure for particular mutation sub-sets during carcinogenesis are probably heterogeneous.