Molecular markers and prostate cancer prognosis.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among American men and is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy offer hope for cure for the majority of men with localized tumors, we continue to lack the tools to definitively determine which cancers need to be treated, which cancers will recur after treatment, and which cancers will behave aggressively when they have metastasized. Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology have led to the identification of a number of potential biomarkers for prostate cancer, many of which have been suggested to have prognostic significance. Eventually, combinations of these markers will hopefully enable us to more rationally facilitate counseling and direct management for men with prostate cancer.