Candidemia in immunocompromised patients.

This study reviews data on patients with fungemia and confirms the high prevalence (50%) of infections caused by non-albicans species of Candida. Fungemia due to C. albicans or Torulopsis glabrata occurred significantly more often in patients with a solid tumor, while fungemia due to Candida tropicalis or Candida krusei was significantly more common in patients with hematologic malignancy (P = .001). For 31% of patients, only a single blood culture was positive for yeasts, and the prognosis for these patients was not significantly different than that for patients with three or more positive blood cultures (P = 1), including those who had C. albicans fungemia. The overall mortality rate was 41.8%, which is much lower than that previously reported in studies of patients with cancer. No significant difference was observed between patients treated with amphotericin B and those treated with fluconazole in this retrospective analysis. Although no significant difference was observed in the mortality rate among patients who had fungemia with or without neutropenia, the incidence of disseminated candidiasis was significantly higher among neutropenic patients (P = .03).