Parenting and supportive programs.

The transition to parenthood is a crucial time in the development of the parent-infant relationship. When this transition is interrupted, as in the high-risk pregnancy and delivery of a low-birth-weight infant, the infant and family may be at risk for parenting problems. Nurses play an important role in facilitating the optimal parenting experience for these families at risk. Many supportive programs have been developed, such as home nursing services and parent support groups, to enhance the parenting relationship in this vulnerable population. Further evaluation is needed to determine the effectiveness of these approaches.