Generation of cloned calves from different types of somatic cells.

Six types of bovine somatic cell lines, including a granulosa cell line of Chinese red-breed yellow cattle (YGR), a granulosa cell line of Holstein cow (HGR), two skin fibroblast cell lines of two adult Holstein cows respectively (AFB1 and AFB2), a skin fibroblast cell line (FFB) and an oviduct epithelial cell line (FOV) of a Holstein fetus, were established. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was carried out using these cells as nuclei donor, and a total of 12 healthy calves were cloned. The effects of different types of donor cells on developmental potential of bovine SCNT embryos were investigated. (i) There was no significant difference in development rates to the blastocyst stage for SCNT embryos from YGR and HGR (33.2% and 35.1%, respectively). Pregnancy rates of them were 33.3% and 30.2%, respectively; and birth rates were 16.7% and 11.6%, respectively. (ii) Development rates to the blastocyst stage for SCNT embryos from different individuals (AFB1 and AFB2) differed significantly (27.9% and 39.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). Pregnancy rates of them were 36.2% and 36.4%, respectively; and birth rates were 14.9 % and 27.3%, respectively. (iii) There was significant difference in development rates to the blastocyst stage for SCNT embryos from FFB and FOV of the same fetus (37.9% and 41.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). Pregnancy rates of them were 45.7% and 24.1%, respectively; and birth rates were 22.9% and 10.3%, respectively. Finally, developmental potential of bovine SCNT embryos from all four types of somatic cells from Holstein cows (HGR, AFB, FFB and FOV) were compared. For in vitro development stage, development rates to the blastocyst stage for SCNT embryos from HGR, AFB, FFB and FOV were 35.1%A, 29.4%B, 37.9%A and 41.5%c, respectively (pABC < 0.05); for in vivo development stage, pregnancy rates of them were 30.2%, 36.2%, 45.7% and 24.1%, respectively; and birth rates of them were 11.6%, 17.2%, 22.9% and 10.3% respectively.