Diversity of biphenyl degraders in a chlorobenzene polluted aquifer.

Biphenyl degrading bacteria (40 strains) have been isolated along a gradient of chlorobenzene pollution from an aquifer which did not contain any PCB to answer the question of how metabolic/catabolic abilities exist in ecosystems that have not been stressed with the relevant substrates is important for intrinsic bioremediations. Only few of the isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses as Pseudomonas species while the majority were Gram-positive, belonging to the order Actinomycetales and representing the genera Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter. The strains could grow on a variety of chlorobenzoates but no pattern of substrate usage and phylogeny or pollution gradient could be found. Strains which were able to grow on 2,5-dichlorobenzoate were often also able to use 3,4- and 3,5-dichloro- and 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoate or those using 2-chlorobenzoate could usually use 2,6-dichlorobenzoate as well. From that results, it is concluded that a highly diverse, basic metabolic activity for PCB degradation existed at this site despite the absence of PCB.