Gender differences in the impact of comprehensive services in substance abuse treatment.

This study examines the impact of comprehensive services on treatment outcomes for women and men. The study uses data collected from 1992 to 1997 for the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study, a prospective, cohort study of substance abuse treatment programs and their clients. The analytic sample consists of 3,142 clients (1,123 women and 2,019 men) from 59 treatment facilities. The results show that substance abuse treatment benefits both women and men. Further, both women and men benefit from comprehensive services provided as part of substance abuse treatment: specifically, the receipt of educational, housing and income support services is related to reduced post-treatment substance abuse for both women and men. Gender differences are revealed by the fact that, overall, greater proportions of women receive services and, when individual, service, and treatment organizational characteristics are controlled, women show greater reductions in post-treatment substance use. Further, women and men differ in their responsiveness to organizational characteristics: the availability of on-site services and the frequency of counseling significantly predict reduced post-treatment substance use for men but not for women.