Work-up of the functional adrenal mass.

Evaluation of a functional adrenal mass may be initiated based on symptomatic presentation or the detection of an incidental adrenal mass. Recent literature suggests that 10% to 20% of adrenal incidentalomas demonstrate subclinical hormonal dysfunction, which may place patients at a higher risk for metabolic or cardiovascular disorders. Many diagnostic algorithms have been proposed for the evaluation of pheochromocytoma, Cushing's adenoma, aldosteronoma, and hormonally active adrenal cortical carcinoma. In this article, the available literature on functional adrenal masses is reviewed and up-to-date methods of efficient diagnosis are proposed.