Dendritic cell-mediated T cell polarization.

Effective defense against diverse types of micro-organisms that invade our body requires specialized classes of antigen-specific immune responses initiated and maintained by distinct subsets of effector CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells. Excessive or detrimental (e.g., autoimmune) responses by effector T cells are controlled by regulatory T cells. The optimal balance in the development of the different types of effector and regulatory Th cells is orchestrated by dendritic cells (DC). This review discusses the way DC adapt the T cell response to the type of pathogen, focusing on the tools that DC use in this management of the T cell response.