Interferon gene expression following HIV type 1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages.

Macrophages represent one of the primary targets of HIV-1 infection. Changes in gene expression in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages following virus exposure were assessed using oligonucleotide arrays. Over a third of the 100 most modulated genes belonged to the interferon system. Upregulated interferon-stimulated genes included those essential for the innate immune response and also those involved in interferon and virus signal transduction from the cell surface. The promoter regions of a cluster of highly upregulated interferon-stimulated genes were analyzed for common regulatory elements. The nuclear factor in activated T cells (NFAT) and members of the interferon family of transcription factors appeared to be responsible for the upregulation of this set of interferon-stimulated genes following HIV-1 exposure.