Consumer-directed health plans and the RAND Health Insurance Experiment.

Today's consumer-directed health plans, with their high deductibles, bear a strong resemblance to the high-deductible plan of the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE), although they come into a post-managed-care world. The high deductibles and the tools of managed care should complement each other, the former directed primarily at the initiation of care for an episode of illness and the latter at the costliness of episodes, especially ongoing chronic disease episodes. Although the RAND experiment established the effects of varying prices to patients, future experiments with how physicians respond to the various tools of managed care may be useful.