Methotrexate treatment of severe asthma in children.

Seven children from 3 to 14 years old with chronic steroid-dependent asthma were treated with methotrexate (MTX). Asthma in all of the patients had been poorly controlled for at least 2 years despite the use of oral theophylline and inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn and albuterol. All presented with significant side effects as a result of chronic systemic steroid therapy. Five patients were atopic and had been unable to tolerate immunotherapy because of systemic reactions. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory flow, mid-expiratory phase, improved in four patients after 4 to 6 months of treatment with doses of MTX ranging from 7.5 to 17.5 mg/wk. Three patients were able to discontinue their systemic corticosteroids. Laboratory values including complete blood cell count with differential and liver enzymes remained at baseline in all except one patient, who had transient elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. One patient experienced side effects sufficient to require discontinuation of MTX. It is concluded that MTX is effective for reducing the need for systemic corticosteroids and for improving pulmonary functions in some individuals. The benefits of MTX in this group of severe asthmatics appear to justify the potential risks involved in its use.