H Trübel1, P Herman, C Kampmann, E Novotny, F Hyder. 1. Dept. of Radiology and Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. htruebel@wuppertal.helios-kliniken.de
Abstract
Whole body hypothermia can be used to treat the injured brain (e.g. after hypoxic events). Side effects include hemodynamic instability, coagulopathy and infection. Because of these side effects it appears reasonable to cool the brain selectively (selective brain cooling, SBC) without changing the core temperature. A new animal model was used to demonstrate SBC from the pharynx and to examine effects of SBC on the duration of pharmacologically induced seizure activity. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=18, 12 successful experiments) were sedated and mechanically ventilated. Invasive blood pressure monitoring was instituted and blood gases were drawn to evaluate the arterial blood gas status. Electrical brain activity was recorded using a microneedle in the extracellular compartment of the rat brain cortex. Cooled water was circulated through a small tubing into and out of the pharynx of the animals. The cortical as well as the rectal temperature were recorded. After the injection of a single dose of bicuculline (1 mg/kg i.v.) per animal the duration of the induced seizure activity was measured and compared with the temperature prior to the induction of seizure activity. The cortical blood flow (CBF) was detected using intra tissue Doppler signals in the rat cortex in the same location as the EP-study. The influence of a brain temperature reduction between 36.5 degrees to 31.5 degrees C on the seizure duration was examined. There was a positive correlation between the seizure duration and the cortical temperature (r=0.64). Also the CBF was increased during seizure activity (p=0.02) and the increase correlated weakly with cortical temperature (r=0.18). The core temperature remained in the normothermic range (36.9+/-0.7 degrees C) Conclusion: The duration of induced seizures correlates with local brain temperature. In the future further studies should examine the efficiency of induced (selective) brain cooling to treat prolonged seizure activity.
Whole body hypothermia can be used to treat the injured brain (e.g. after hypoxic events). Side effects include hemodynamic instability, coagulopathy and infection. Because of these side effects it appears reasonable to cool the brain selectively (selective brain cooling, SBC) without changing the core temperature. A new animal model was used to demonstrate SBC from the pharynx and to examine effects of SBC on the duration of pharmacologically induced seizure activity. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=18, 12 successful experiments) were sedated and mechanically ventilated. Invasive blood pressure monitoring was instituted and blood gases were drawn to evaluate the arterial blood gas status. Electrical brain activity was recorded using a microneedle in the extracellular compartment of the rat brain cortex. Cooled water was circulated through a small tubing into and out of the pharynx of the animals. The cortical as well as the rectal temperature were recorded. After the injection of a single dose of bicuculline (1 mg/kg i.v.) per animal the duration of the induced seizure activity was measured and compared with the temperature prior to the induction of seizure activity. The cortical blood flow (CBF) was detected using intra tissue Doppler signals in the rat cortex in the same location as the EP-study. The influence of a brain temperature reduction between 36.5 degrees to 31.5 degrees C on the seizure duration was examined. There was a positive correlation between the seizure duration and the cortical temperature (r=0.64). Also the CBF was increased during seizure activity (p=0.02) and the increase correlated weakly with cortical temperature (r=0.18). The core temperature remained in the normothermic range (36.9+/-0.7 degrees C) Conclusion: The duration of induced seizures correlates with local brain temperature. In the future further studies should examine the efficiency of induced (selective) brain cooling to treat prolonged seizure activity.