Patient and therapist values in psychotherapy: perceived changes, assimilation, similarity, and outcome.

This study investigated (a) the nature and extent of perceived changes in patients' values (reported retrospectively), (b) the relationship between patients' assimilation of their therapists' values and outcome, and (c) the relationship between the similarity of patient-therapist values (posttherapy) and outcome. A great deal of perceived values change was reported by the patients, but (contrary to expectations) not primarily in values concerning interpersonal morality. Values assimilation demonstrated a fairly substantial positive correlation with therapist's outcome assessment, but not with other measures of outcome, suggesting that the phenomenon may be related more to the therapist's rating bias than to genuine improvement. Patient-therapist dyads whose values were moderately similar showed the most improvement, indicating that an intermediate range of values similarity may function as a predictor of positive outcome. Secondary findings (including the seemingly unique role of religious values) and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.