BACKGROUND: The aim is to study associative and predictive factors for self-reported depressive symptoms among 18-year-old boys. METHODS: The participants in this community-based 10-year follow-up study consisted of 2348 boys born during 1981. At baseline, three informant sources were used: parents, teachers, and the children themselves. At follow-up, self-report questionnaires were used to study boys' family factors, life events, adaptive functioning, and substance use. Depressive symptoms at age 18 were established using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: Poor adaptive functioning within family and in education, having fewer than two close friends, somatic health problems, and using illicit drugs were all independently associated with a high level of depressive symptoms in the cross-sectional data at age 18. Self-reported depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) at age 8 independently predicted an increased number of depressive symptoms 10 years later. LIMITATIONS: Only self-reported questionnaires were used at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The high association between depressive symptoms at age 8 and at age 18 gives grounds for paying special attention to children's own intimations of distress already in the early school years. Using self-report screening questionnaires in school health care may help identify children's depressive symptoms.
BACKGROUND: The aim is to study associative and predictive factors for self-reported depressive symptoms among 18-year-old boys. METHODS: The participants in this community-based 10-year follow-up study consisted of 2348 boys born during 1981. At baseline, three informant sources were used: parents, teachers, and the children themselves. At follow-up, self-report questionnaires were used to study boys' family factors, life events, adaptive functioning, and substance use. Depressive symptoms at age 18 were established using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: Poor adaptive functioning within family and in education, having fewer than two close friends, somatic health problems, and using illicit drugs were all independently associated with a high level of depressive symptoms in the cross-sectional data at age 18. Self-reported depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) at age 8 independently predicted an increased number of depressive symptoms 10 years later. LIMITATIONS: Only self-reported questionnaires were used at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The high association between depressive symptoms at age 8 and at age 18 gives grounds for paying special attention to children's own intimations of distress already in the early school years. Using self-report screening questionnaires in school health care may help identify children's depressive symptoms.
Authors: John A Rønning; Antti Haavisto; Georgios Nikolakaros; Hans Helenius; Tuula Tamminen; Irma Moilanen; Kirsti Kumpulainen; Jorma Piha; Fredrik Almqvist; Andre Sourander Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2010-02-10 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Espen Bjertness; Ase Sagatun; Kristian Green; Lars Lien; Anne Johanne Søgaard; Randi Selmer Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-10-12 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Rienke Bannink; Suzanne Broeren; Petra M van de Looij-Jansen; Frouwkje G de Waart; Hein Raat Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-04-09 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Cláudia Bulhões; Elisabete Ramos; Jutta Lindert; Sónia Dias; Henrique Barros Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2013-10-14 Impact factor: 3.390