Do we diagnose and treat coronary heart disease differently in men and women?

There are gender-specific differences in the significance of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as in the symptoms and in the diagnostic approach of cardiovascular events. From the point of view of everyday clinical practice, the differential approach toward both genders is based on gender-specific risk assessment. A global risk assessment should be carried out in males > 40 years of age and in females > 50 years or those who are postmenopausal. Diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia require aggressive therapy particularly in women. Depending on level of risk appropriate therapy should be instituted: life style counseling (smoking!), therapy of dyslipidemias, antihypertensive therapy and diabetes control. Symptoms of coronary attack are experienced by men more often "classically", whilst women commonly present with unspecific symptoms, which may delay proper medical care. Appropriate patient education is needed particularly in younger women to avoid unnecessary delay of intervention in acute coronary syndromes. Regarding diagnostics, there are gender differences in the specificity and sensitivity of some noninvasive diagnostic tests, which should be taken into account.