CONTEXT: Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Daily counts of total non-injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period. RESULTS: A 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day's exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health.
CONTEXT: Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Daily counts of total non-injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period. RESULTS: A 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day's exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health.
Authors: G Touloumi; K Katsouyanni; D Zmirou; J Schwartz; C Spix; A P de Leon; A Tobias; P Quennel; D Rabczenko; L Bacharova; L Bisanti; J M Vonk; A Ponka Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1997-07-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Marc Saez; Ferran Ballester; Maria Antònia Barceló; Santiago Pérez-Hoyos; Juan Bellido; José María Tenías; Ricardo Ocaña; Adolfo Figueiras; Federico Arribas; Nuria Aragonés; Aurelio Tobías; Lluís Cirera; Alvaro Cañada Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2002-03 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Michael Brauer; Markus Amann; Rick T Burnett; Aaron Cohen; Frank Dentener; Majid Ezzati; Sarah B Henderson; Michal Krzyzanowski; Randall V Martin; Rita Van Dingenen; Aaron van Donkelaar; George D Thurston Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2012-01-06 Impact factor: 9.028
Authors: Robert A Silverman; Kazuhiko Ito; John Freese; Brad J Kaufman; Danilynn De Claro; James Braun; David J Prezant Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2010-08-20 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Richard A Johnston; Joseph P Mizgerd; Lesley Flynt; Lee J Quinton; Erin S Williams; Stephanie A Shore Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Date: 2007-06-15 Impact factor: 6.914
Authors: Stavros Garantziotis; Zhuowei Li; Erin N Potts; James Y Lindsey; Vandy P Stober; Vasiliy V Polosukhin; Timothy S Blackwell; David A Schwartz; W Michael Foster; John W Hollingsworth Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2009-12-10 Impact factor: 21.405