Infant mortality in Zambia: socioeconomic and demographic correlates.

Trends in infant mortality in Zambia suggest a reversal of the decline experienced between the 1960s and the late 1970s. From a high of about 140, infant mortality rate declined to about 90 in the late 1970s only to rise again to 100 by 1996. Data on 5,600 births born between 1987 and 1992, and 6,630 births between 1991 and 1996 from the Zambian DHS are analyzed to identify socioeconomic and demographic correlates of infant mortality. Demographic factors such as small size at birth and short birth intervals are associated with higher neonatal mortality. In the post-neonatal period, urban children from poorer households had the highest mortality between 1991-1996. Also, differences in infant mortality rates between provinces narrowed. Children born in the most developed province of Lusaka had as high of risk of dying as those from Luapula, a province with a history of extremely high mortality rates in Zambia.