BACKGROUND: Impaired cardiac autonomic nervous activities and increased neurohumoral activities (CANA, NHA) characterize Fontan patients. However, the clinical significance of these changes is not clearly understood. Our purpose was to clarify the clinical significance of the CANA and NHA in stable Fontan patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We divided 22 atriopulmonary connection (APC) and 75 total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) patients into 4 subgroups according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (1.8+/-0.6) and measured various CANA and NHA indices. All NHA indices were elevated in the symptomatic patients (P<0.001). Natriuretic peptides were higher in the APC than in the TCPC patients, and the hemodynamics showed no correlation with brain natriuretic peptide in the APC patients. Low arterial oxygen saturation and impaired hemodynamics greatly influenced all elevated NHA indices (P<0.01), except for plasma renin activity, in the TCPC patients. Impaired CANA indices did not relate to NYHA class, although surgeries were associated with lower heart rate variability. In addition to poor correlation between NHA and CANA, age and ventricular morphology had no impact on all CANA and NHA indices, except for high norepinephrine in right ventricular Fontan patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although symptomatic Fontan patients exhibit higher NHA, CANA is not related to either NYHA class or NHA. APC itself is responsible for higher natriuretic peptides, and arterial oxygen desaturation has a great impact on elevated NHA in the TCPC patients. These characteristics of the NHA and CANA differ from those of heart failure patients with biventricular physiology.
BACKGROUND: Impaired cardiac autonomic nervous activities and increased neurohumoral activities (CANA, NHA) characterize Fontan patients. However, the clinical significance of these changes is not clearly understood. Our purpose was to clarify the clinical significance of the CANA and NHA in stable Fontan patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We divided 22 atriopulmonary connection (APC) and 75 total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) patients into 4 subgroups according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (1.8+/-0.6) and measured various CANA and NHA indices. All NHA indices were elevated in the symptomatic patients (P<0.001). Natriuretic peptides were higher in the APC than in the TCPC patients, and the hemodynamics showed no correlation with brain natriuretic peptide in the APCpatients. Low arterial oxygen saturation and impaired hemodynamics greatly influenced all elevated NHA indices (P<0.01), except for plasma renin activity, in the TCPC patients. Impaired CANA indices did not relate to NYHA class, although surgeries were associated with lower heart rate variability. In addition to poor correlation between NHA and CANA, age and ventricular morphology had no impact on all CANA and NHA indices, except for high norepinephrine in right ventricular Fontan patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although symptomatic Fontan patients exhibit higher NHA, CANA is not related to either NYHA class or NHA. APC itself is responsible for higher natriuretic peptides, and arterial oxygen desaturation has a great impact on elevated NHA in the TCPC patients. These characteristics of the NHA and CANA differ from those of heart failurepatients with biventricular physiology.
Authors: Daphne T Hsu; Victor Zak; Lynn Mahony; Lynn A Sleeper; Andrew M Atz; Jami C Levine; Piers C Barker; Chitra Ravishankar; Brian W McCrindle; Richard V Williams; Karen Altmann; Nancy S Ghanayem; Renee Margossian; Wendy K Chung; William L Border; Gail D Pearson; Mario P Stylianou; Seema Mital Journal: Circulation Date: 2010-07-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Alexander R Opotowsky; Lilamarie E Moko; Jonathan Ginns; Marlon Rosenbaum; Matthias Greutmann; Jamil Aboulhosn; Abbie Hageman; Yuli Kim; Lisa X Deng; Jasmine Grewal; Ali N Zaidi; Ghadeera Almansoori; Erwin Oechslin; Michael Earing; Michael J Landzberg; Michael N Singh; Fred Wu; Anand Vaidya Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2015-01-12 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Werner Budts; Jolien Roos-Hesselink; Tanja Rädle-Hurst; Andreas Eicken; Theresa A McDonagh; Ekaterini Lambrinou; Maria G Crespo-Leiro; Fiona Walker; Alexandra A Frogoudaki Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2016-01-18 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Brian W McCrindle; Victor Zak; Lynn A Sleeper; Stephen M Paridon; Steven D Colan; Tal Geva; Lynn Mahony; Jennifer S Li; Roger E Breitbart; Renee Margossian; Richard V Williams; Welton M Gersony; Andrew M Atz Journal: Circulation Date: 2009-12-21 Impact factor: 29.690