Machi Suka1, Katsumi Yoshida. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate four risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Using the health examination database of a Japanese company, 8,194 middle-aged male workers were assessed for the metabolic syndrome with reference to: (1) obesity (body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2); (2) hypertension (> or = 140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive drugs); (3) diabetes (fasting blood glucose > or = 110 mg/dl); and (4) hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol > or = 220 mg/dl or triglyceride > or = 150 mg/dl). (1) Those who had developed the metabolic syndrome (n = 148) were retrospectively followed for 5 years. Persistence rates for the four risk factors were calculated. (2) Those who had three risk factors (n = 1,100) were followed for 5 years to observe the development of metabolic syndrome. The incidence rates from Kaplan-Mayer analysis were compared among four different patterns for three risk factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox's proportional hazard RESULTS: (1) The highest persistence rate was found for obesity, followed by hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. (2) After adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, and exercise, significantly higher HRs (95%CIs) were found for those with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (4.4; 2.9 to approximately 6.9), those with obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (3.2; 2.1 to approximately 4.9), and those with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (2.1; 1.4 to approximately 3.0), compared with those with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity may be the key to developing the metabolic syndrome in those who demonstrate three risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate four risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Using the health examination database of a Japanese company, 8,194 middle-aged male workers were assessed for the metabolic syndrome with reference to: (1) obesity (body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2); (2) hypertension (> or = 140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive drugs); (3) diabetes (fasting blood glucose > or = 110 mg/dl); and (4) hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol > or = 220 mg/dl or triglyceride > or = 150 mg/dl). (1) Those who had developed the metabolic syndrome (n = 148) were retrospectively followed for 5 years. Persistence rates for the four risk factors were calculated. (2) Those who had three risk factors (n = 1,100) were followed for 5 years to observe the development of metabolic syndrome. The incidence rates from Kaplan-Mayer analysis were compared among four different patterns for three risk factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox's proportional hazard RESULTS: (1) The highest persistence rate was found for obesity, followed by hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. (2) After adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, and exercise, significantly higher HRs (95%CIs) were found for those with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (4.4; 2.9 to approximately 6.9), those with obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (3.2; 2.1 to approximately 4.9), and those with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (2.1; 1.4 to approximately 3.0), compared with those with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS:Obesity may be the key to developing the metabolic syndrome in those who demonstrate three risk factors.